In ecology, biotic and abiotic factors encompass all the living and non-living parts of an ecosystem. Biotic factors pertain to living organisms and their relationships. Abiotic factors are the ...

Controls on terrestrial ecosystem processes: an historical perspective -- Species and biotic interactions as ecosystem drivers -- Aboveground-belowground interactions as drivers of ecosystem processes ...

Earth’s environment is in constant flux. Driven by physical processes, biological processes (now including the effects of human activity), and their interactions, incessant changes occur at virtually ...